#  Introduction   The narrative around generative AI is shifting in 2026. While massive frontier models keep grabbing headlines, the reality of enterprise AI deployment looks very different. Cost constraints, latency limits, and strict data privacy requirements have pushed engineering teams away from trillion-parameter behemoths and toward small language models (SLMs). Ranging from 1…

  #  Introduction   If you ask a chatbot to find you a hotel in London, it will give you a list of names and let you do the rest. If you ask an agent, it checks availability, compares prices across sites, books the room, and emails you the confirmation. That gap between "telling you…

    The European Commission’s latest draft guidelines provide much-needed clarity on how organizations should classify high-risk AI systems under Article 6 of the EU AI Act. However, they also raise an important question for enterprises: could your existing AI systems already be considered high-risk without you realizing it? The answer may depend on…

  #  Introduction   Usually, when asking an LLM — abbreviation for "Large Language Model" — for a neat, structured output like JSON objects, for instance, a mix of careful prompt crafting with a "pinch" of luck is required. Otherwise, it might be tricky to get the model to obtain the perfectly structured output you…

  #  Introduction   When you are just starting out with data analysis, one of the first things you learn is how to clean a dataset. It sounds basic, but it is one of the most important skills you will use again and again. The funny part is that even as a professional, you will…

  #  Introduction   You want to add Claude to a Python application. Creating an account and making your first API call is straightforward. The official documentation can get you from zero to a working request in a few minutes. The next questions are usually more practical: What does the response object contain? How do…

  #  Fine-Tuning Language Models on Apple Silicon with MLX   Fine-tuning a language model used to mean renting cloud GPUs and watching the meter run. If you own a Mac with an Apple Silicon chip, you can now adapt an open model to your own data locally, at zero cloud cost, using a framework…

  #  Introduction   Local coding models are finally getting serious. I have been a big fan of this new wave of local large language models (LLMs), especially the open models and community GGML Universal File (GGUF) releases that make them easier to run on consumer hardware. We are now at a point where some…

  #  Introduction   INNER JOIN and LEFT JOIN handle most SQL queries. A smaller class of problems needs other join types: counting set-returning function results row by row, filtering rows by existence in another table, and returning rows that have no match in another table. Three less-common joins handle these cleanly. LATERAL joins let…

    #  Introduction   Agentic coding sessions are expensive. A single Claude Code session — reading files, writing code, running tests, iterating — can burn 10–50x more tokens than a plain chat conversation. At scale, that adds up fast. Add rate limits that can interrupt a long-running workflow mid-session, and the dependency on a…